Friday, May 6, 2011

Types of water network systems

1-Dead End System:
It is suitable for old towns and cities having no definite pattern of roads.


Advantages:
1. Relatively cheap.
2. Determination of discharges and pressure easier due to less number of valves.
Disadvantages
1. Due to many dead ends, stagnation of water occurs in pipes.




2-Radial System:
The area is divided into different zones. The water is pumped into the distribution reservoir kept in the middle of each zone and the supply pipes are laid radially ending towards the periphery.




Advantages:
1. It gives quick service.
2. Calculation of pipe sizes is easy.








3-Grid Iron System:


It is suitable for cities with rectangular layout, where the water mains and branches are laid in rectangles.














Advantages:
1. Water is kept in good circulation due to the absence of dead ends.
2. In the cases of a breakdown in some section, water is available from some other direction.
Disadvantages
1. Exact calculation of sizes of pipes is not possible due to provision of valves on all branches.


4-Ring System:


The supply main is laid all along the peripheral roads and sub
mains branch out from the mains. Thus, this system also follows
the grid iron system with the flow pattern similar in character
to that of dead end system. So, determination of the size
of pipes is easy.



Advantages:
1. Water can be supplied to any point from at least two
directions.

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